The improvement of ferromagnetic properties is critical for the practical application of\nmultiferroic materials, to be exact, BiFeO3 (BFO). Herein, we have investigated the evolution in\nthe structure and morphology of Ho or/and Mn-doped thin films and the related diversification\nin ferromagnetic behavior. BFO, Bi0.95Ho0.05FeO3 (BHFO), BiFe0.95Mn0.05O3 (BFMO) and\nBi0.95Ho0.05Fe0.95Mn0.05O3 (BHFMO) thin films are synthesized via the conventional sol-gel method.\nDensity, size and phase structure are crucial to optimize the ferromagnetic properties. Specifically,\nunder the applied magnetic field of 10 kOe, BHFO and BFMO thin films can produce obvious\nmagnetic properties during magnetization and, additionally, doping with Ho and Mn (BHFMO) can\nachieve better magnetic properties. This enhancement is attributed to the lattice distortions caused by\nthe ionic sizes difference between the doping agent and the host, the generation of the new exchange\ninteractions and the inhibition of the antiferromagnetic spiral modulated spin structure. This study\nprovides key insights of understanding the tunable ferromagnetic properties of co-doped BFO.
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